中国土壤系统分类高级单元的分布规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龚子同  陈鸿昭 《地理科学》1996,16(4):289-297

本文着重探讨中国土壤系统分类高级单元的分布规律。研究结果表明，在已确立的１４个土纲中，有６种呈现出规则性连续分布，还可以划分出干旱、干润和湿润三大系列的土壤，其它８种构成地域性间断分布。此外，在山地还表现出土壤垂直分布。  相似文献   

坡度在坡面侵蚀中的作用^*   总被引：39，自引：2，他引：39  

靳长兴 《地理研究》1996,15(3):57-63

本文分析了坡度在坡面侵蚀中的作用,包括不同坡度下被蚀体的特征差异,坡度对坡面溅蚀、坡面入渗、坡面径流及坡面侵蚀的影响,最后从理论上阐明了坡面侵蚀中的临界坡度。  相似文献   

河北坝上半干旱／半湿润过渡带土壤水分状况研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵文智 《中国沙漠》1996,(2)

本文分析了河北坝上半干旱／半湿润过渡带的阴坡华北落叶松人工林地、沙地华北落叶松人工林地、沙地沙棘林地、沙地草场、平滩草地的土壤水分物理参数、机械组成和土壤水分状况。结果表明，田间持水量、毛管持水量、最大持水量与土壤中０．０５ｍｍ～０．０１ｍｍ、０．０１ｍｍ～０．００１ｍｍ两个粒级颗粒含量呈显著正相关，而与０．５０ｍｍ～０．２５ｍｍ颗粒含量呈显著负相关。既使在干旱的年份，沙地草场、沙地沙棘林地、沙地杨树人工林地生长季初和生长季末０ｃｍ～１００ｃｍ土壤水分贮量及有效水分贮量基本平衡；而华北落叶松人工林地水分亏损较严重，但生长季末仍有２７ｍｍ左右有效水分，说明除华北落叶松人工林地外，其它植被区土壤水分状况均无明显恶化现象。由此推断，在本区人工植被建设中，采用先草本、后灌木、再乔木的人工植被建设程序从土壤水分平衡角度分析是可行的。除阴坡华北落叶松人工林地土层较薄的缘故外，其余５种植被类型的土壤水分垂直变化均有活跃层和活动层了分，只不过两个层次在土壤剖面分布深度有差异，而无类似干旱区沙地植被土壤的“死水层”，土壤水分状况均属淋溶型。  相似文献   

用风洞实验方法计算土壤风蚀量的时距问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

张春来  董光荣 《中国沙漠》1996,16(2):200-203

通过对延津县沙质壤土原状土进行风蚀风洞模拟实验，探讨了土壤风蚀量计算中的时距问题。结果表明，前人使用“风蚀模数”概念来计算土壤风蚀量会导致较大误差，原因在于同一风蚀事件中单位时间内的风蚀量随吹蚀时间的延续而递减，在风洞实验计算风蚀量时使用“累积风蚀量”概念将会有更精确的结果。  相似文献   

卫星遥感估测土壤水分的一种方法   总被引：46，自引：1，他引：46  

刘培君  张琳  艾里西尔·库尔班  常萍  李良序  镨拉提  赵兵科 《遥感学报》1997,1(2):135-138,81

对于植被影响土壤水分遥感的大小 ,提出了“光学植被盖度”新概念来衡量 ,并用遥感法进行估测。用分解象元法排除植被干扰来提取土壤水分光谱信息。采用土壤水分光谱法并借助回归分析建立土壤水分遥感的TM数据模型。以此为桥梁 ,建立了AVHRR数据模型  相似文献   

用NOAA卫星资料监测土壤湿度方法的探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈添宇  姚志华 《干旱气象》1997,(3)

本文提出一种利用ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星资料结合数字化地形资料进行土壤湿度监测的方法，其思想是以冠层温度随植被指数的变化率作为监测土壤湿度的因子。  相似文献   

Impact of Atmospheric Surface-layer Parameterizations in the new Land-surface Scheme of the NCEP Mesoscale Eta Model   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

Fei Chen  Zavisă Janjić  Kenneth Mitchell 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,85(3):391-421

We tested three atmospheric surface-layer parameterization schemes (Mellor-Yamadalevel 2, Paulson, and modified Louis), both ina 1-D mode in the new NCEP land-surface scheme against long-term FIFE and HAPEX observations, and in a coupled 3-D mode withthe NCEP mesoscale Eta model. The differences inthese three schemes and the resulting surface exchange coefficients do not, in general, lead to significant differences in model simulated surface fluxes, skin temperature, andprecipitation, provided the same treatment of roughness length for heat is employed.Rather, the model is more sensitive to the choice of the roughness length for heat. To assess the latter, we also tested two approaches to specifythe roughness length for heat: 1) assuming the roughness length for heat is a fixed ratio of the roughness length for momentum, and 2) relating this ratio to the roughness Reynolds number as proposed by Zilitinkevich.Our 1-D column model sensitivity tests suggested that the Zilitinkevich approach can improve the surface heat fluxand skin temperature simulations. A long-term test with the NCEP mesoscaleEta model indicated that this approach can also reduce forecast precipitation bias. Based on these simulations, in January 1996 we operationally implemented the Paulsonscheme with the new land-surface scheme of the NCEP Eta model, along with the Zilitinkevich formulation to specify the roughness length for heat.  相似文献   

Structure in fluctuations of large-scale soil moisture climate due to external random forcing and internal feedbacks     

Jingfeng Wang  Rafael L. Bras  Dara Entekhabi 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(2):95-114

Large-scale fields of soil moisture are forced by atmospheric precipitation and radiative forcing. When these forcing factors are themselves influenced by surface and soil moisture processes, the result is a nonlinear land-atmosphere system with inherent feedback mechanisms that may strongly modulate variability in climate. Given such feedbacks, simple randomness in the forcing factors may be manifested as a complex statistical signature in the surface hydrology. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of non-Gaussian and colored-noise on the probability distribution of soil moisture resulting from the statistical-dynamical land-atmosphere interaction model of Rodriguez-Iturbe et al. (1991). Persistence of hydroclimatologic anomalies as characterized by the correlation time scale of soil moisture is discussed.  相似文献   

Coincidence and spatial variability of geology,soils, and vegetation,mill run watershed,Virginia     

C. G. Olson  C. R. Hupp 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1986,11(6):619-629

The Mill Run watershed is a structurally-controlled synclinal basin on the eastern limb of the Massanutten Mountain complex of northwestern Virginia. Bedrock contacts are obscured by coarse sandstone debris from exposures near basin divides. Colluvium blankets more than half the basin, masking geomorphic surfaces, affecting vegetation patterns, and contributing to the convexity of the alluvial, terrace, pediment and erosion surfaces. Examination of the bedrock geology, geomorphology, soils and vegetation shows distinct distributional correspondences. Vegetation is strongly interdependent with geomorphology, bedrock geology, and soils. On convex colluvial slopes, mixed hardwood forests are most common. In concave coves and deep gorges, mixed hardwoods are replaced by conifers. In thin colluvium, in poorly developed soils, and on blockfields, chestnut oak is singularly prevalent. Conifers dominate shaley bedrock areas. Soils and surficial sediments have a major effect on near-surface hydrology. During wet seasons, cemented horizons in the subsurface cause temporary saturation in the superjacent horizons; lateral movement of soil-water effectively eliminates a vertical component of ground-water recharge. Vegetation is strongly dependent on water availability and thus reflects the distribution of subsurface barriers and sediment-soil fades changes.  相似文献   

A sediment budget for a forested catchment in Luxembourg and its implications for channel development     

J. J. H. M. Duijsings 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(2):173-184

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